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Surface-active substances (surfactants) are concentrated on surface of phases, causing a decrease in surface (interface) tension. Typical surface-active substances surfactants are organic compounds whose molecules have diphilic structure, meaning that they contain lyophilic and lyophobic (usually hydrophilic and hydrophobic) atomic groups. By using the surfactants it is possible to affect the energy state and structure of the interface and in this way to change the properties of heterogeneous (especially microheterogeneous) systems. These substances are used as flotation reagents, dispersants, emulsifiers, various additives, modifiers, nucleators, components of fire-extinguishing compositions, cosmetic substances and others. Surfactants have an important role in biological processes. |
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Surface-active substances
